Direct lithium extraction has been touted as a way to reduce mining impacts in South America.
However, experts warn that it may not be ready for large-scale deployment due to concerns over water use.
The "lithium triangle" spanning Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile holds over half of the world's known lithium reserves.
The region's salt flats, among the driest places on Earth, have seen soaring lithium mining driven by EV battery demand.
Author's summary: Lithium extraction faces scrutiny over water use and environmental impacts.